Young farmer Sotiris Mournos fixes a weather station next to his field in Platy near Thessaloniki, northern Greece, in mid-October. The weather station records data in real time, enabling to analyze and correlate the impact of weather conditions on his 10-hectare cotton plantation that stretches as far as the eye can see. Photo: AFP
Eyes glued to his mobile phone, farmer Sotiris Mournos pores over the latest microclimate and humidity data about his fields on the plain of Imathia in northern Greece.
The high-tech farming techniques he uses are making slow progress in Greece's tradition-bound and struggling agricultural sector, but growers like him see them as key to their future.
Mournos, 25, employs a Greek smart-farming app to boost his family's cotton fields and fruit tree production .
Using real-time data recorded by a weather station, he can analyze and correlate the impact of weather conditions on his 10-hectare cotton plantation.
"We've managed to reduce the use of fertilizer and irrigation... [and thereby to] increase the financial return" of the farm, said Mournos, who gave up studying computer science at university to devote himself to the family holding in the town of Platy.
Measuring the humidity or the nitrogen level in the soil helps curb the excessive use of fertilizers and saves water, he notes.
As in many other southern European countries, Greece's agricultural sector is chronically short of water and smart farming could help counter that problem.
Boosting yieldsThe sector has also lost a major share of its available labor in recent decades, as young people snub farm work for better-paid jobs in services such as tourism.
Agriculture now represents just 5 percent of Greece's GDP, half what it was 20 years ago.
The government has budgeted 230 million euros ($231 million) over the next three years to revive the country's farming industry.
Most of that derives from the European Union's Common Agricultural Policy innovation fund.
"Most young people in my village prefer other jobs and have given up working in the fields," Mournos said.
But he is making a go at farming, aiming to work smart by using the farming app moving forward.
It means he uses 40 percent less fertilizer on his cotton field and can avoid using two pesticide sprays - altogether saving 9,000 euros - without affecting production rates.
Analysts say the farming app is not widely used in Greece although interest is gradually picking up.
But persuading farmers who may be less technologically minded than Mournos to embrace it faces numerous challenges.
A key hurdle is the small size of Greek farms - less than 10 hectares on average - and the country's largely mountainous terrain.
Greek farms are often family businesses or involve rented fields, making investment in tools and practices less appealing.
Convincing farmersMeanwhile, an "endemic" lack of cooperation among farmers prevents cost sharing, says Aikaterini Kasimati, an agricultural engineer at the University of Agronomy in Athens.
As a result, Greece lags far behind other European states in the use of smart farming, says Vassilis Protonotarios, marketing manager of Neuropublic, a company specializing in digital agriculture.
He said farmers could benefit from new technology without having to invest in expensive equipment or have "specialized digital skills."
Then, there is the difficulty of convincing farmers to try something new.
Organic farmer Thodoris Arvanitis says his colleagues are not interested in new technologies because they don't know enough about them and prefer established conventional methods.
"Farmers won't go after technology when they don't have enough money for fuel," he said, at his farm in the small town of Kiourka, some 30 kilometers north of Athens.
Attitudes may change in time as climate change puts additional pressure on farm costs, says Machi Symeonidou, an agronomist and creator of the agricultural IT start-up Agroapps.
The war in Ukraine and its impact on global food supplies also shows that it is increasingly necessary to produce food at a local level, said agricultural engineer Kasimati.
"We see a constant degradation of fields and a fall in yield," she said, adding that water was also becoming expensive.
"But as the technology becomes simpler and cheaper, these tools will see more use," she added.
